PROJECT DOCUMENT
Republic of Namibia
United Nations Development Programme
Global Environment Facility
NAMIBIA Protected Landscape Conservation Areas Initiative (NAM-PLACE)
PIMS No: 4173 Award ID: 00059705 and Project ID 00074796
Brief Description:
Namibia has a large biodiversity endowment, which is of global significance. Although predominantly a semi arid country, Namibia contains a remarkable variety of ecosystems, ranging from hyper-arid deserts with less than 10mm of rainfall to subtropical wetlands and savannas receiving over 600mm of precipitation per annum. Four major terrestrial biomes exist, namely: Succulent Karoo, Nama Karoo, Desert and Tree and Shrub Savannah. On a finer scale, 29 different vegetation types are currently recognised, many of which are wholly unique to Namibia or to the southern African sub continent. These biomes are storehouses of high species richness: the country harbours 4,000 species and subspecies of higher plants and 658 species of birds have been recorded, of which approximately 30% is migrant. 217 species of mammals are found including unique arid varieties of desert-adapted rhino and elephant. Finally, the herpetofauna and invertebrate fauna display high diversity and endemism quotients.
The proposed project is designed to lift the barriers to establishment of a large scale network of protected landscapes and in doing so address threats to habitat and species loss on a landscape level approach, ensuring greater responsiveness to variability and seasonality issues around climate change. The project will directly bring an additional 15,550 ha of land under PA collaborative management arrangements designed to conserve biodiversity, including unprotected lands by establishing five Protected Landscape Conservation Areas (PLCA). PLCAs will first and foremost be managed for the full suite of biodiversity and landscape values, including ecosystem services (which are better managed at landscape level), also for ecosystem functioning, also performing better at landscape level, for sustainable land management and for economic performance.
The project will comprise three complementary components which will be cost shared by the GEF and co-financing. Each addresses a different barrier and has discrete outcomes. Component One will entail the development of a framework for the formalisation of existing protected landscape collaborative management arrangements as well as the creation of national level best practices guidelines for PLCA establishment developed based on, but improving, existing adaptive management arrangements. Component Two will entail the development of strategic plans approved for each PLCA as well as management and work plans for each individual landholding (e.g. conservancy, private farm, etc.) forming part of a PLCA in place. Component Three will entail developing the crucial economical sustainability aspect of PLCA management. The project is designed to generate global and national benefits through protecting globally important ecosystems. This will protect the existence values, option values and future use values enjoyed by the global community and national stakeholders that might otherwise be forfeited, should the PA estate fail to provide an effective buffer against anthropogenic threats prevalent at the landscape level.
The project is likely to run through two consecutive UNDAFs because the current UNDAF is extended to 2012 and in 2013 Namibia is likely to have a new UNDAF.
| 1.1Table of Contents
1.1 Table of Contents 2
1.2 Tables 5
1.3 Figures 6
1.4 Abbreviations and Acronyms 6
PART IA: Situational Analysis 12
1.1 Biophysical Context 12
Country Situation 12
Climate and Water 12
Climate Change 14
Biodiversity of Namibia 15
Protected Areas in Namibia 18
1.2 Socio-Economic Context 24
Namibian National Context 24
Socio-Economic Impacts of Climate Change 28
Growth of Tourism 28
Hunting and Fishing Tourism 30
Venison Production 31
1.3 Policy and Legislative Context 31
1.4 Institutional and Governance Context 36
Ministerial Level Governance 36
Communal Conservancies 37
Civil Society (NGOs and CBOs) 37
The Private Sector 37
PART IB: Baseline Course of Action 37
1.5 Threats to Namibia’s Biodiversity 37
National Level Threats 37
1.6 Root Cause Analysis 39
Shortcomings and gaps in the planning, policy and legal framework 39
Poor Integration of PAs and Landscape Management 41
Incomplete PA Network Coverage 43
Limitations with PA Infrastructure and Equipment 43
Human and Institutional Resource Deficit for Effective Management 44
Undervaluation of the natural resource base both within and outside the PAs 45
Insufficient PA Financing Systems and Access to Markets 45
1.7 Solutions to Threats and Root Causes 46
Establish new Protected Landscape Conservation Areas 47
Adaptive Collaborative Management of PLCAs 48
Incentives and Market Transformation 49
1.8 Barriers to the Conservation of Biodiversity 51
Absence of or Limitations in Developing Partnerships for Landscape Management 51
Inadequate Governance Framework for Landscape Level Management 51
Insufficient Focus on Market Transformation and Incentive Measures: 52
PART II: Project Strategy 53
1.9 Project Rationale and Policy Conformity 53
1.10 Project Goal, Objective, Outcome, Components and Outputs 54
Component 1. Establish new Protected Landscape Conservation Areas (PLCAs) 56
Component 2: Collaborative Governance for PLCAs 56
Component 3: Incentives and Market Transformation 56
1.11 Project Focal Landscapes 57
Mudumu Landscape (ML) 57
Greater Waterberg Landscape (GWL) 58
Greater Sossusvlei-Namib Landscape (GSNL) 59
Greater Fish River Canyon Landscape (GFRCL) 60
Windhoek Green Belt Landscape (WGBL) 61
1.12 Project Risks and Assumptions 62
1.13 Alternative Strategies Considered 63
1.14 Country Ownership and Eligibility 64
1.15 Program Designation and Conformity 65
The Fit with GEF Focal Area Strategy 65
Linkages to UNDP Country Programme 66
Linkages with GEF Financed Projects 67
1.16 Sustainability 69
Social sustainability 69
Economic sustainability 71
1.17 Climate Change Adaptation 75
1.18 Replication Strategy 77
PART III: Management Arrangements 80
1.19 Project Management & Implementation 80
Execution Modality. 80
Implementation Modality. 80
81
Project Steering Committee 81
Project Advisory Committee 82
National Level Project Management 82
Site Level Project Management 83
Project components. 84
Inception workshop 84
Technical Assistance 84
Funds flow 85
Public involvement Plan 85
Reporting 85
Legal Context 86
Audit Requirement 86
PART IV: Monitoring and Evaluation Plan 86
1.20 Project Reporting 88
1.21 Independent Evaluations 89
PART V: Incremental Logic 90
1.22 Baseline Course of Action 90
Summary of Baseline Situation 90
Baseline Situation – Development of Protected Areas on a Landscape Level 91
Baseline Situation – Developing Collaborative Governance Arrangements 91
Baseline Situation – Creating Incentives for Market Transformation 91
1.23 GEF Alternative: Expected Global and National Benefits 91
Global Benefits 95
National Benefits 96
1.24 Co-Financing 99
Total Government of Namibia co-financing is USD 14,000,000 100
Total Private Sector co-financing is USD 883,000 100
Total United Nations Development Programme co-financing is USD 100,000 100
Total Bilateral Aid Agency co-financing is USD 17,000,000 100
1.25 Cost Effectiveness 100
PART VII: Project Results Framework 104
PART VIII: Project Total Budget 117
1.26 Co-Financing summary 119
1.27 Budget Notes 121
Component 1: Establish new Protected Landscape Conservation Areas (PLCAs). 121
Component 2: Collaborative Governance for PLCAs. 122
Component 3 Incentives and Market Transformation. 123
Project Management: Ensures effective project administration and coordination have enabled timely and efficient implementation of project activities. 124
ANNEX I: Additional Information 125
ANNEX II: Stakeholder Analysis 126
1.28 Ministerial Level Stakeholders 126
Ministry of Environment and Tourism 126
MET – Directorate of Parks and Wildlife Management (DPWM): 127
MET – Directorate of Environmental Affairs (DEA) 128
MET – Directorate of Tourism (DoT) 129
MET – Directorate of Scientific Services (DSS) 130
MET – Directorate of Administration and Support Services (DASS) 131
Ministry of Lands and Resettlement (MLR) 131
Ministry of Regional and Local Government and Housing and Rural Development (MRLGHRD) 132
Ministry of Works and Transport (MWT) 132
Ministry of Agriculture, Water and Forestry (MAWF) 133
Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources (MFMR) 133
Ministry of Mines and Energies (MME) 133
1.29 Local Authorities 134
1.30 Communal Conservancies 134
1.31 Civil Society (NGOs and CBOs) 135
1.32 Municipal Authorities 137
1.33 The Private Sector 138
1.34 Protected Landscape Level Stakeholders 138
Mudumu Landscape Stakeholders 138
Greater Waterberg Landscape Stakeholders 138
Greater Sossusvlei-Namib Landscape Stakeholders 139
Greater Fish River Canyon Landscape Stakeholders 139
Windhoek Green Belt Landscape Stakeholders 139
1.35 Stakeholder Involvement Plan 139
Introduction 139
Goal and Objectives for Stakeholder Involvement 140
Principles of Stakeholder Participation 140
Long-term Stakeholder Participation 140
ANNEX III: LANDSCAPE SITUATION 142
1.36 Overview 142
1.37 Biophysical Context on a Landscape Level 142
The Mudumu Landscape Biophysical Context 142
The Greater Waterberg Landscape Biophysical Context 144
The Greater Sossusvlei-Namib Landscape Biophysical Context 146
The Greater Fish River Canyon Landscape Biophysical Context 148
The Windhoek Green Belt Landscape Biophysical Context 151
1.38 Socio-Economic Context on a Landscape Level 153
The Mudumu Landscape Socio-Economic Context 153
The Greater Waterberg Landscape Socio-Economic Context 156
The Greater Sossuslvlei Landscape Socio-Economic Context 158
The Greater Fish River Canyon Landscape Socio-Economic Context 159
The Windhoek Green Belt Landscape Socio-Economic Context 162
1.39 Threats Analysis on a Landscape Level 163
Threats to Biodiversity in the Mudumu Landscape 163
Threats to Biodiversity in the Greater Waterberg Landscape 163
Threats to Biodiversity in the Greater Sossusvlei-Namib Landscape 164
Threats to Biodiversity in the Greater Fish River Canyon Landscape 164
Threats to Biodiversity in Windhoek Green Belt Landscape 164
ANNEX IV: LAND MANAGEMENT ISSUES 166
1.40 National Land Tenure Status 166
1.41 National Land Management Context 167
1.42 Protected Landscapes Land Management Context 168
The Mudumu Landscape 168
The Greater Waterberg Landscape 169
The Greater Sossusvlei-Namib Landscape 170
The Greater Fish River Landscape 171
The Windhoek Greenbelt Landscape 173
ANNEX V: LESSONS ON CERTIFICATION 174
1.43 The Wildlife Cheetah-friendly Beef Initiative 174
1.44 The BUSHBLOCK Concept 175
ANNEX VI: BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY 177
177
SIGNATURE PAGE 179
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